Con  Volume No: 01 Chapter No: 01  Page i  Table of Contents

Criminal Law-Basic Overview  |  US Federal Appellate Courts

California Civil Procedure 
Detailed Outline

DETAILED OUTLINE

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Nature and Function of Attorney.

     1. [§1] Terminology-Meaning of Terms.
     2. [§2] Officer of the Court.
     3. [§3] Professional Activities.
     4. [§4] Obligation To Accept Employment.
     5. Clients' Security Funds.
           (a) [§5] In General.
           (b) [§6] Due Process Rights of Claimants.
           (c) [§7] Applications for Reimbursement From Fund.
    6. [§8] Interprofessional Relationships.

B. Law Practice.

     1. [§9] In General.      
     2. Specialization and Specialties. 
         (a) [§ 10] In General. 
         (b) [§11] Certification of Specialists. 
         (c) Particular Specialties. 
                 (1) [§ 12] Administrative Agency Practice.
                 (2) [§ 13] Appellate Practice. 
                 (3) [§ 14] Arbitration Practice. 
                 (4) [§ 15] Collection Practice. 
                 (5) [§ 16] Commercial Law Practice.
                 (6) [§ 17] Condemnation Law Practice. 
                 (7) [§ 18] Corporate Practice. 
                 (8) [§ 19] Criminal Practice. 
                 (9) [§20] Family Law Practice. 
                (10) [§21] Federal Practice. 
                (11) [§22] Labor Practice. 
                (12) [§23] Personal Injury Practice. 
                            [§23.1]    Sample Attorney Contingent Fee Agreement
              (13) [§24] Probate Practice. 
              (14) [§25] Real Estate Practice. 
              (15) [§26] Tax Practice. 
              (16) [§27] Trial Practice. 
              (17) [§28] Workers' Compensation Practice.

  3. Lawyer Reference Services. 
       (a) [§29] In General. 
       (b) [§30] Referral Fees. 
       (c) [§31] Minimum Standards and Certification

  4. Legal Service Programs.

       (a) [§32] In General.
         (b) [§33] Private and Alternative Methods of Funding.
         (c) [§34] Federal Legal Services Program.
         (d) Attorneys' Trust Fund Program.
                  (1) [§35] Establishment and Distribution of Funds.  
               (2) [§36] Program Constitutional.

  5. [§37] Preventive Law.

   6. Settlement.
           (a) [§38]  Nature and Scope.
           (b) [§39]  In Particular Kinds of Litigation.

  7. Law Offices.
         (a) [§40] Organization.
         (b) [§41] Physical Plant, Equipment, Records, and Library.
         (c) [§42]  Personnel.

  8. Law Partnerships.
         (a) [§43]  Partnership Practice.
         (b) [§44]  Misleading Partnership Names.
         (c) [§45] Limited Liability Partnership.
         (d) Dissolution of Partnership.
                (1) [§46] In General.
                (2) [§47] What Constitutes Unfinished  Business.
        (e) [§48] Withdrawing Partner's Right to Fees.

  9. Law Corporations.
        (a) [§49]  In General.
        (b) [§50] Organization and Name.
        (c) [§51] Directors, Officers, and Shareholders.
        (d) [§52] . Certificate of Registration.
        (e) [§53] Operation and Regulation.
        (f) [§54] Security for Claims.
        (g) [§55] Cancellation or Revocation of Certificate.
        (h) [§56] Investigation and Proceedings Against Corporation.
        (i) [§57] Resignation of Attorneys.

  10. Agreements Restricting Law Practice. 

        (a) [§58] General Rule and Exceptions. 
      (b) Agreements Not To Compete. 
          (1) [§59] Agreements Not Prohibited. 
          (2) [§60] Rule of Reason Applies.

  11. Sale of Law Practice. 

       (a) [§61] Former Rule: Sale of Good Will Illegal. 
       (b) [§62] Current Rule: Sale of Good Will Permissible.

   12. Legal Advertising.

        (a) [§63] In General.
        (b) [§64] Definitions.
        (c) [§65] Requirements.
       (d) Electronic Media.
             (1) [§66] Requirements and Presumptions.
                (2) [§67] Violations.

II. RELATIONSHIP OF ATTORNEY AND CLIENT

A. Creation of Relationship.

      1. [§68] Contract of Employment.
      2. [§69] Employee, Independent Contractor, or Agent.
      3. [§70] Partners and Employees.
      4. [§71] Association for Particular Case.

    5. Assignment of Attorney by Court. 

         (a) [§72] Criminal and Quasi‑Criminal Proceedings. 
         (b) [§73] Commitment Proceedings. 
         (c) [§74] Ordinary Civil Proceedings. 
         (d) [§75] Indigent Prisoner Defendant in Civil Action. 
         (e) Representation Without Compensation. 
                   (1) [§76] In General.
                   (2) [§77] Early California Cases.
                        (3) [§78] Yarbrough Case: Factors To Consider.
                        (4) [§79] Cunningham Case: No Forced Representation Without Compensation.

    6. Attorneys for Governmental Agencies. 
        (a) State Executive Agencies.
                   (1). Attorney General as Counsel.
                             (aa) [§80] In General.
                             (bb) [§81] Conflict of Interest.
                   (2) [§82] Exceptions. 
        (b) [§83] State Legislative Counsel. 
        (c) County.
                 (1) [§84] In General.
                 (2) [§85] Allocation of Functions.
                 (3) Representation of Judges and Courts.
                         (aa) [§86] General Rule: Representation by County Counsel.
                (bb) [§87] Private Counsel for Judge Where Conflict Exists. 
        (d) [§88] City. (e) [§89] Districts.
           (f) [§90]  Private Counsel for Special Services.
          (g) [§91] Private Practice and Public Litigation. (h) [§92] Professional Ethics.

B. Termination of Relationship.

    1. Operation of Law.  
           (a) [§93] Death or Incapacity of Attorney.  
           (b) [§94] Death or Incapacity of Client.
    2. Voluntary Withdrawal by Attorney. 
           (a) Legal Right To Withdraw.
                       (1) [§95] General Rule.
                       (2) Control by Court.  
                               (aa) [§96] Motion To Withdraw. 
                         (bb) [§97] Withdrawal Without Order.
                       (3) [§98] Family Law Case.
                       (4) [§99] Attorney Representing Minor.
           (b) Ethical Considerations.
                       (1) [§100] Rules of Professional Conduct.
                       (2) [§101] Where Defendant Intends To Commit Perjury.
                       (c) [§ 102] Legal Service Agency Attorney.

   3. Discharge of Attorney by Client.
            (a) [§ 103] Absolute Right To Discharge.
            (b) [§ 104] Power Coupled With Interest.

  4. [§ 105] Unwarranted Discharge by Court.

   5. Substitution of Attorneys.

          (a) Necessity of Formal Substitution.
                     (1) [§ 106] Old Attorney's Authority.
                      (2) [§ 107] New Attorney's Authority.
                      (3) [§108] Failure To Substitute Not Fatal Defect.
          (b) Procedure.
                      (1) [§ 109] In General.
                      (2) [§ 110] Notice of Substitution.

    6. Cessation of Law Practice.

         (a) [§ 111] Judicial Council Notification Rule.
         (b) Statutory Protection of Clients and Others.
                    (1) [§ 112] Nature and Scope of Statutes.
                    (2) [§ 113] Notice of Cessation.
                    (3) Court's Jurisdiction Over Law Practice.  
                          (aa) [§ 114] Grounds and Procedure.  
                          (bb) [§ 115] Duties of Appointed Counsel. 
                           (cc) [§ 116] Incapacitated Attorneys.  
                           (dd) [§ 117] Relief Available to Clients.

III. FIDUCIARY OBLIGATIONS

  A. [§118] In General.

  B. Business Dealings With Client.

1. Violation of Fiduciary Duty Presumed.
            (a) [§ 119] General Rule.
            (b) [§120] Scope of Rule.
            (c) [§ 121] Unfair Advantage Not Required.
            (d) [§ 122] Client's Confidence in Attorney.
            (e) [§123]  Showing To Overcome Presumption.
            (f) [§ 124] Drawing Will in Attorney's Own Favor.

  2. Exceptions.
          (a) [§ 125] Contract Relating to Compensation.
          (b) ,[§ 126] Where Fee Agreement Creates Conflict of  Interest. 
        (c) [§ 127] Dealings After Termination of  Relationship.

  C. Representation Adverse to Current or Former Client.

       1. [§ 128] General Principle.
       2. [§ 129] Classification of Situations.
       3. Remedies and Sanctions. 
          (a) [§ 130] In General. 
          (b) Motion To Disqualify. 
                  (1) [§131] Motion in Trial Court. 
                  (2) [§ 132] Effect of Delay. 
                  (3) [§ 133] Abuse of Motion. 
                  (4) [§ 134] Review of Order.

       4. Representation Adverse to Current Client. 
           (a) [§ 135] In General.
           (b) [§ 136] Representation on.Unrelated Matter. 
           (c) [§137] Withdrawal From Representation Does  Not Avoid Conflict. 
         (d)[§138] No Duty To Advise Potential Client Where Conflict Exists.
              (e) Adverse Interests of Corporate Attorneys. 
                (1) [§ 139] In General.
                (2) [§ 140] No Automatic Representation of Officers or Partners.
             (f) [§141] Vicarious Disqualification of Law Firm.
             (g) Adverse Interest Resulting From Insurance. 
|                       (1) [§142] Workers' Compensation Cases. 
                        (2) Automobile Accident Cases.
                                 (aa) [§ 143] Representation at Trial.
                      (bb) [§ 144] Settlement Negotiations. 
               (3) [§ 145] Malpractice Cases.
               (4) Insurer's Reservation of Rights.
                                   (aa) [§ 146] Cumis Case.
                                   (bb) [§ 147] Statutory Right to Independent Counsel.
                                    (cc) [§ 148] Scope of Right.
                                    (dd) [§ 149] Limitations on Right.
                                    (ee) [§ 150] No Right to Independent Insurance Adjuster.
         (h) [§ 151] Dual Representation in Dissolution of Marriage.
               (i) [§ 152] Class Action Conflicts of Interest. 
         (j) [§ 153] Conflicts of Interest Involving Multiple Parties.
             (k) Exceptions. 
                 (1) [§ 154] Known Joint Representation. 
                 (2) [§ 155] Knowing and Informed Waiver.
                 (3) [§ 156] Single Agency With Separate Divisions.

  5. Representation Adverse to Former Client.
           (a) [§ 157] In General.
           (b) [§ 158] Acquisition of Adverse Pecuniary Interest.
           (c) [§ 159] Vicarious Disqualification of Law Firm.  
          (d) [§ 160] Former Corporate Attorney.
          (e) [§ 161] Distinction: Relationship Never Created.
          (f) Exceptions.
                   (1) [§ 162] New Employment Not Injurious.
                    (2) [§163] Client's Consent or Waiver.  
                    (3) Joint Attorney. 
                         (aa)[§ 164] Croce Case: Use of Joint Attorney Waives Objection.
                                (bb) [§ 165] Croce Criticized and Distinguished.
                                (cc) [§ 166] Joint Attorney Exception Limited.

 6. Conflicts of Interest of Government Attorneys. 
           (a) [§ 167] In General. 
           (b) Conflicting Functions. 
                       (1) [§168] General Principles. 
                       (2) [§ 169] Where Conaict Affects Third Party. 
            (c) Conflicts With Personal Interests. 
                       (1) [§170] Financial Interests. 
                       (2) [§ 171] Enforcement of Collective Bargaining Rights. 
            (d) [§ 172] Former Public Attorneys.
   7. [§ 173] Acts of Nonlawyer Employees.

   8. [§ 174] Retention of Expert Who Has Been Consulted by Another Party.

D. [§175] Personal Relationship With Client.

E. [§176] Duty To Keep Client Informed.

IV. COMPENSATION OF ATTORNEY

A. In General.
    1. Contractual or Other Basis of Fee.
         (a) [§ 177] General Principle and Distinctions.
         (b) Agreements.
                  (1) [§178] Formal Contract.
                 (2) [§ 179] Informal and Oral Agreements.
                 (3) [§180] When Written Agreement Required.
       (c) [§181] Improper Unilateral Determination by Attorney.
       (d) Minimum Fee Schedules.
                 (1) [§ 182] In General.
                 (2) [§ 183] Mandatory Schedules Illegal.
       (e) [§ 184] Statutory Regulation.
        (f) Division of Fees Between Attorneys.
                (1) [§ 185] Construction of Agreement.
                (2) [§ 186] Ethical Considerations.     
                (3) Forwarding Fees.
                        (aa) [§ 187] In General.
                        (bb) [§188] Referral Fee Agreement Is Valid.

  2. Reimbursement for Expenses.
       (a) [§ 189] In General: Agreement With Client.
        (b) [§ 190] In Absence of Agreement.
        (c) [§191] Attorney's Agreement To Bear Expenses.

  3. Attorney's Lien.
        (a) Common Law Liens.
                 (1) [§ 192] Nature of Common Law Liens.
                  (2) [§ 193] California Law.
           (b) [§ 194] Statutory Liens.
            (c) Contractual Liens.
                          (1) [§195] Express Contract.
                          (2) [§ 196] Creation by Implication.
                          (3) [§197] Lien Survives Attorney's Discharge or Withdrawal.
                           (4) Enforcement and Priority. 
                                  (aa) [§198] In General. 
                                  (bb) [§ 199] Discharged Attorney's Notice of Lien.
                           (5) [§200] Ineffective Language.
                      (6) [§201] Invalid Possessory Lien.  

B. Contingent Fees.

  1. [§202] Validity of Ordinary Agreement.
   2. [§203] Excessive Fees Not Recoverable.
   3. [§204] Provision Preventing Settlement Invalid.
   4. [§205] Where Contingent Fee Invalid.
   5. Required Disclosures to Client.
         (a) [§206] In General.
         (b) [§207] Distinction: Contingent Fee for Nonlitigation Services.
    6. [§208] Contracts Involving Claims Between Merchants.
    7. Fee Limits in Medical Malpractice Cases.
        (a) [§209] Statutory Provisions.
        (b) [§210] Constitutionality.
        (c) [§211] Limits May Not Be Exceeded.
        (d) [§212] Hybrid Proceeding.
        (e) [§213] Calculation of Fee.
         (f) [§214]  Medical‑Legal Consulting Fee.

C. Construction of Contract in Client's Favor.

  1. [§215] General Principle.
  2. [§216] Illustrations.
  3. Uncontemplated Services. 
        (a) [§217] Additional Compensation Denied. 
        (b) [§218] Additional Compensation Allowed.
  4. [§219] Substantial Performance by Attorney.  

D. Reasonable Value of Services.

  1. When Reasonable Value Is Recoverable.
      (a) [§220] Valid Express or Implied in Fact Contract.
     (b) [§221] Valid Contract but Performance Excused.
     (c) [§222] Valid Contract With Invalid Compensation Provision.
      (d) [§223] Unenforceable Contract.
      (e) [§224]  Illegal Contract.

  2. Determination of Reasonableness.

        (a) [§225] In General.
        (b) [§226] Rules of Professional Conduct.
        (c) [§227] Contingency of Success.
        (d) [§228]  Other Special Factors.

  3. Proof. 

   (a) [§229] Testimony and Other Evidence. 
    (b) [§230] Independent Judgment of Jury or Court.

4. Review of Fee Awards.

   (a) [§231] Illustrations of Large Awards Upheld.
   (b) [§232] Illustrations of Large Awards Annulled.
   (c) [§233] Reversal for Inadequate Award.

E. Actions for Recovery of Compensation.

  1. [§234] In General.
    2. [§235] Performance.
    3. [§236] Prevention of Performance.
    4. [§237] Attorney's Disbarment or Suspension.
    5. Attorney's Voluntary Withdrawal. 
          (a) [§238] Recovery Only if Withdrawal Is for Cause 
          (b) [§239] What Constitutes Good Cause.
    6. [§240] Attorney's Incapacity To Complete Performance.
    7. [§241] Discharge of Attorney With Cause.
    8. Discharge of Attorney Without Cause. 
         (a) [§242] What Constitutes Wrongful Discharge. 
       (b) Recovery of Fee.
               (1) [§243] Fixed Fee or Reasonable Value of Services.
               (2) Contingent Fee Not Recoverable.
                      (aa) [§244] Former Law: Recovery of Entire Amount.
                      (bb) [§245] Current Law: Recovery of Reasonable Value.
     9. [§246] Discharge of Attorney‑Employee.

F. [§247] Action for Recovery of Costs.

G. Arbitration or Mediation of Fee Disputes.

  1. [§248] Voluntary Arbitration or Mediation.
  2. Mandatory Arbitration.
     (a) [§249] In General.
     (b) [§250] Administration by State Bar.
     (c) [§251] Statute Applies Only to Attorney‑-Client Disputes.
     (d) [§252] Arbitrators.
     (e) [§253] Client's Request for Arbitration.
     (f) [§254] Waiver of Right to Arbitration.
     (g) [§255] Arbitration Hearing.
     (h) [§256] Arbitration Award.
     (i) [§257] Trial After Arbitration.
     (j) Enforcement of Award.
         (1) [§258] In General.
         (2) [§259] Proceedings To Enforce Award.
         (3) [§260] Proceedings for Inactive Enrollment.

V.  AUTHORITY OF ATTORNEY

A. In General.
  1. Agency Basis. 
   (a) [§261] General Rule. 
    (b) [§262] Distinctions.
    2. [§263] Presumption of Authority.
     3. [§264] Duty To Inform Client of Settlement Offer.

B. Client With Attorney of Record Cannot Act.

   1. [§265] Attorney Must Take Legal Steps.
   2. [§266] Adverse Party Must Deal With Attorney.
   3. Distinction: Legally Effective Acts. 
       (a) [§267] In General. 
       (b) [§268] Settlement or Compromise of Claim.

C. Control Over Conduct of Litigation.

  1. [§269] In General.
  2. Ordinary Procedural Steps. 
     (a) [§270] Attorney's Apparent Authority.
     (b) [§271] Freedom From Client's Control.
  3. Steps Involving Major Questions of Policy. 
     (a) [§272] Compromise and Consent Judgments, 
     (b) Giving Up Substantive Right. 
            (1) [§273] General Rule. 
            (2) [§274] Ostensible Authority.    
            (3) [§275] Ratification. 
     (c) [§276] Giving Up Substantive Defense. 
     (d) [§277] Giving Up Right to Hearing. 
     (e) [§278] Stipulating to Binding Arbitration. 
     (f) [§279] Stipulation in Family Law Case. 
     (g) [§280] Stipulation for Temporary Judge. 
     (h) Steps After Judgment. 
          (1) [§281] In General.  
             (2) [§282] Taking or Defending Against Appeal. 
             (3) [§283] Waiving Right To Appeal.

  4.  Matters Collateral to Litigation. 
        (a) [§284] In General. 
        (b) [§285] Receipt of Money in Settlement.

  5.  Acts Contrary to Law, Court Rule, or Public Policy
       (a) [§286] In General.
       (b) [§287] Stipulations as to Law or Facts.
       (c) [§288] Dismissal Entered by Fraudulent Attorney.

D. Stipulations

  1. [§289] Nature.
    2. [§290] Effect in Present Proceeding.
    3. [§291] Effect in Subsequent Proceeding,
    4. Form.
        (a) [§292] In General.
        (b) [§293] Written Stipulation Filed.
        (c) [§294] Oral Stipulation in Minutes.
        (d) Sufficiency of Informal Stipulations.
              (1) [§295] In General.
             (2) [§296] Oral Stipulation Not Entered.
   5 Matters Subject to Stipulation. 
      (a) [§297] In General. 
      (b) [§298] Pleadings and Issues. 
      (c) [§299] Evidence or Facts.
      (d) [§300] Liability or Damages. 
      (e) [§301] Other Matters Relating to Trial.
       (f) [§302] Judgment. (g) [§303] Subsequent Proceedings.
   6. Construction and Relief. 
        (a) Construction. 
               (1) [§304] Ordinary Contract Rules.
                  (2) [§305] Special Rules Applicable to Stipulations.
          (b) Withdrawal or Rescission.
                 (1) [§306] Grounds and Court's Discretion.
                 (2) [§307] Procedure.
                 (3) [§308] Conditions of Rescission.
                (c) Illustrations of Relief by Interpretation or. Rescission.
                      (1) [§309] Casual or Inadvertent Oral Statements.
                      (2) [§310] Formal Stipulations.

VI. LIABILITY FOR NEGLIGENCE

 A. [§311] In General.
 B. [§312] Distinction: Intentional Tort.
 C. [§313] No Liability for Conspiracy With Client.
 D. [§314] Standards of Care.
 E. Duty and Breach.
   
      1. Duty to Client.
           (a) [§315] Questions of Law and Fact.
          (b) [§316] Expert Evidence.
          (c) [§317] Necessity of Attorney‑Client Relationship.
          (d) [§318] Duty Where Dual Attorfiey-Client Relationship Exists.
          (e) [§319] Duty To Refer to Specialist.
          (f) [§320] Duty To Advise of Remedies Outside Scope of Representation.
          (g) [§321] No Liability for Acts of Third Persons.
    2. Duty to Client's Beneficiary.
           (a) [§322] In General.
           (b) [§323] No Duty to Potential Beneficiary.
           (c) [§324] No Duty to Unidentified Beneficiary.
   3. Duty to Other Third Parties.
          (a) [§325] General Rule: No Duty to Third Party.
          (b) [§326] Illustrations.
          (c) Exceptions.
               (1) [§3.27] Foreseeable Reliance on Misrepresentation.
               (2) [§328] Misrepresentation to Third Party's Attorney.
               (3) [§329] Duty as Escrow Holder.
   4. [§330] Liability of Partners.
   5. [§331] Liability of Associated Attorney.
   6. [§332] No Liability to Forwarding Attorney.
   7. [§333] Limitation of Liability.

F. Causation and Damage.

  1. [§334] In General.
  2. [§335] Cases Denying Recovery.
  3. Cases Upholding Recovery.
        (a) [§336] Earlier Cases.
        (b) [§337] Later Cases.
  4. Measure of Damages.
      (a) [§338] In General.
      (b) [§339] Emotional Distress.
  5. [§340] Intervening Negligence of Substituted Counsel

G. Defenses.

 1. [§341] Negligence of Client.
  2. Mistake of Law.
     (a) Cases Denying Recovery.
         (1) [§342] In General.
         (2) [§343] Failure To Advise of Possible Change in Law.
         (b) [§344] Cases Upholding Recovery.
  3. [§345] Reasonable Exercise of Judgment.
  4. [§346] Conflicting Public Obligation.
  5. [§347] Arbitration Agreement.
  6. [§348] Unclean Hands.

H. Indemnity From Successor Attorney.

 1. [§349] Gibson Case: Indemnity Denied.
 2. [§350] Parker Case: Indemnity Allowed.
 3. [§351] Later Cases: Indemnity Denied.

 I. [§352] No Indemnity From Original Tortfeasor.

J. Malpractice Insurance.
  1. [§353] In General.
  2. [§354] Insurance Policies.

VII. REGULATION OF PRACTICE

 A. In General.

   1. [§355] Right To Practice Law.
   2. [§356] Regulation by Court.
   3. [§357] Control by Legislature.

B. The State Bar.

   1. [§358] Nature and Organization.
   2. Board of Governors.
     (a) [§359] Selection of Members.
     (b) [§360] Public Meetings.
     (c) [§361] Conflict of Interest.
   3. Membership in State Bar.
      (a) [§362] In General.
       (b) [§363] Information Provided by Member
     (c) Inactive Members. 
           (1) [§364] Attorneys Retired From Practice. 
           (2) Involuntary Enrollment.
                (aa) [§365] In General.
               (bb) [§366] Incompetence or Insanity.
               (cc) [§367] Substantial Threat of Harm.
              (dd) [§368] Noncompliance With Reporting or Disciplinary Requirements.
               (ee) [§369] Constitutional Requirements.
 4. [§370] Constitutionality of State Bar Act.
 5. Dues‑Financed Activities of State Bar.
    (a) [§371] Lathrop Case.
     (b) [§372] Keller Case: California Decision.
     (c) [§373] Keller Case: United States Supreme Court Decision.

C. Admission to Practice.

  1. In General.
     (a) [§374] General Conditions.
     (b) [§375] Aliens and Nonresidents Entitled to Admission.
 2. Educational Requirements.
    (a) Student Applicants. 
      (1) [§376] Eligibility for Bar Examination. 
       (2) [§377] Bar Examination.
    (b) [§378] Out‑of‑State Attorney Applicants.
     (c) [§379] Rights of Unsuccessful Applicants.
  3. Moral Character.
    (a) Investigation by Committee.
       (1) [§380] In General.
       (2) [§381] Duties of Applicant and Attorneys.
       (3) [§382] No Liability for Delay in Investigation.
         (b) Proof of Good Character.
            (1) [§383] Burden on Applicant. 
            (2) [§384] Right to Due Process. 
            (3) [§385] Free Speech Considerations. 
            (4) Showing Held Sufficient.
                      (aa) [§386] Good Moral Character Shown
                      (bb) [§387] Rehabilitation Shown. 
           (5) [§388] Showing Held Insufficient. 
      (c) [§389] Review of Committee's Decision. 
      (d) [§390] Revocation for Fraud.
  4. Loyalty Tests. 
      (a) [§391] Konigsberg and Anastaplo Approach. 
       (b) [§392] Baird and Subsequent Cases.

  5. [§393] Admission and Oath.
  6. [§394] Fees.

 D. Unlawful Practice of Law.

  1. Prohibitions Against Unlawful Practice. 
      (a) Unlicensed Persons. 
            (1) [§395] General Prohibition. 
            (2) [§396] Law Clerks. 
            (3) [§397] Paralegals. 
            (4) Certified Law Students.
                  (aa) [§398] Nature of Program.
                 (bb) [§399] Student and Attorney Participants.
                  (cc) [§400] Activities.
      (b) [§401] Corporation. 
     (c) Out‑of‑State Attorneys. 
           (1) [§402] In General. 
           (2) [§403] Counsel Pro Hac Vice. 
           (3) [§404] Military Counsel. 
           (4) [§405] Foreign Legal Consultants.
     (d) [§406] Other Persons.
  2. [§407] Penalties and Other Effects.
  3. What Constitutes Practice of Law.
      (a) [§408] In General.
      (b) [§409] Preparation of Legal Instruments.
      (c) [§410] Eviction Service.
      (d) [§411] Collection of Assigned Claims.
      (e) [§412] Heir‑Hunting.
       (f) [§413]  Legal Steps Under Power of Attorney.

  4. Practice Before Administrative Agencies. 
    (a) [§414] Workers' Compensation Appeals Boar 
    (b) [§415] Patent Office. 
    (c) [§416] Treasury Department.

E. [§417] Mandatory Continuing Legal Education.

VIII. A.B.A. MODEL RULES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

 A. In General.
  1. [§418] Adoption of Rules.
   2. [§419] Nature and Purpose of Rules.
   3. [§420] Answers to Criticisms.
   4. [§421] Preamble: A Lawyer's Responsibilities.
 B. Client‑Lawyer Relationship.
   1. [§422] Competence (Rule 1.1).
    2. [§423] Scope of Representation (Rule 1.2).
    3. [§424] Diligence (Rule 1.3).
     4. [§425] Communication (Rule 1.4).
   5. [§426] Fees (Rule 1.5).
    6. [§427] Confidentiality of Information (Rule 1.6).
    7. [§428] Conflict of Interest: General (Rule 1.7).
     8. [§429] Conflict of Interest: Prohibited Transactions(Rule 1.8).
     9. [§430] Conflict of Interest: Former Client (Rule 1.9).
  10. [§431] Imputed Disqualification: General (Rule 1.10).
   11. [§432] Successive Government and Private Employment (Rule 1.11).
  12. [§433] Former Judge or Arbitrator (Rule 1.12).
   13. [§434] Organization as Client (Rule 1.13).
    14. [§435] Client Under a Disability (Rule 1.14). 
    15.[§436] Safekeeping Property (Rule 1.15).
   16. [§437] Declining or Terminating Representation (Rule 1.16).
   17. [§438] Sale of Law Practice (Rule 1.17).

C. Counselor.
  1. [§439] Advisor (Rule 2.1).
   2. [§440] Intermediary (Rule 2.2).
   3. [§441] Evaluation for Use by Third Persons (Rule 2.3).


D. Advocate.

   1. [§442] Meritorious Claims and Contentions (Rule 3.1).
    2. [§443] Expediting Litigation (Rule 3.2).
    3. [§444] Candor Toward the Tribunal (Rule 3.3).
   4. [§445] Fairness to Opposing Party and Counsel (Rule 3.4).
   5. [§446] Impartiality and Decorum (Rule 3.5).
   6. [§447] Trial Publicity (Rule 3.6).
   7. [§448] Lawyer as Witness (Rule 3.7).
   8. [§449] Special Responsibilities of a Prosecutor (Rule 3.8).
   9. [§450] Advocate in Nonadjudicative Proceedings (Rule 3.9).

E. Transactions With Person Other Than Clients.

   1. [§451] Truthfulness in Statements to Others (Rule 4.1).
   2. [§452] Communication With Person Represented by Counsel (Rule 4.2).
   3. [§453] Dealing With Unrepresented Person (Rule 4.3).
   4. [§454] Respect for Rights of Third Persons (Rule 4.4).

F. Law Firms and Associations.

  1. [§455] Responsibilities of a Partner or Supervisory Lawyer (Rule 5.1).
   2. [§456] Responsibilities of a Subordinate Lawyer (Rule 5.2).
   3. [§457] Responsibilities Regarding Nonlawyer Assistants (Rule 5.3).
  4. [§458] Professional Independence of a Lawyer (Rule 5.4).
   5. [§459] Unauthorized Practice of Law (Rule 5.5).
  6. [§460] Restrictions on Right To Practice (Rule 5.6).
  7. [§461] Responsibilities Regarding Law-Related Services (Rule 5.7).

G. Public Service.
   1. [§462] Pro Bono Publico Service (Rule 6.1).
   2. [§463] Accepting Appointments (Rule 6.2).
   3. [§464] Membership in Legal Services Organization (Rule 6.3).
    4. [§465] Law Reform Activities Affecting Client Interests (Rule 6.4).

H. Information About Legal Services.

   1. [§466] Communications Concerning a Lawyer's Services (Rule 7.1).
   2. [§467] Advertising (Rule 7.2).
   3. [§468] Direct Contact With Prospective Clients (Rule 7.3).
  4. ‑ [§469] Communication of Fields of Practice and Certification (Rule 7.4). 
  5. [§470] Firm Names and Letterheads (Rule 7.5).

I. Maintaining the Integrity of the Profession

  1. [§471] Bar Admission and Disciplinary Matters (Rule 8.1).
  2. [§472] Judicial and Legal Officials (Rule 8.2).
  3. [§473] Reporting Professional Misconduct (Rule 8.3).
  4. [§474] Misconduct (Rule 8.4).
   5. [§475] Jurisdiction (Rule 8.5).

IX. RULES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

A. In General.

  1. [§476] Adoption.
  2. [§477] Rules Proposed by Members.

B. Professional Integrity.
   1. [§478] In General (Rules 1-100 to 1-120).
    2. [§479] False Statement Regarding Admission (Rule 1-200).
    3. [§480] Unauthorized Practice of Law (Rule 1-300). 
   4. [§481] Dealings With Nonlawyer (Rules 1-310, 1-320).
  5. Advertising and Solicitation (Rule 1-400).
    (a) [§482] Definitions.
    (b) [§483] Prohibited Solicitation.
    (c) [§484]  State Bar Standards.

  6. [§485] Agreements Restricting Practice (Rule 1‑500). 
  7. [§486] Legal Service Programs (Rule 1‑600).

C. Relationship Among Members.

1. Communications With Represented Party (Rule 2‑100). 
    (a) [§487] Prohibited and Permitted Activity
    (b) [§488] Nature and Scope of Rule.
 2. [§489] Financial Arrangements (Rule 2‑200).
 3. Sale of Law Practice (Rule 2‑300).
     (a) [§490] Sale to Member of Law Firm.
     (b) [§491] Transfer of Responsibility for Work or Files.
4. [§492] Prohibited Discriminatory Conduct in Law Practice (Rule 2‑400).

D. Professional Relationship With Clients.

  1. [§493] Failing To Act Competently (Rule 3‑110). 
  2. [§494] Sexual Relations With Client (Rule 3‑120).
   3. [§495] Prohibited Objectives of Employment (Rule 3‑200).
  4. [§496] Advising Violation of Law (Rule 3‑210).
  5. [§497] Avoiding Interests Adverse to Client (Rule 3‑300).
  6. Avoiding Representation of Adverse Interests (Rule 3‑310).
    (a) [§498] In General.
    (b) [§499] Relationship With Party or Witness or Interest in Subject Matter.
    (c) [§500] Representation of Multiple Clients.
    (d) [§501] Confidences of Present or Former Clients.
    (e) [§502] Compensation From Person Other Than Client.

  7. [§503] Relationship With Other Party's Lawyer (Rule 3‑320).
  8. [§504] Limiting Malpractice Liability to Client (Rule 3‑400).
  9. [§505] Communications With Client (Rules 3‑500, 3‑510).
10. Organization as Client (Rule 3-600). 
          (a) [§506] General Principle. 
        (b) [§507] Response to Acts of Agents of Organization. 
     (c) [§508] Dealing With Constituents of Organization.
      (d) [§509] Representation of Constituents.
 11. Termination of Employment (Rule 3‑700).
       (a) [§510] In General.
       (b) [§511] Mandatory Withdrawal.
       (c) [§512] Permissive Withdrawal.

E. Financial Relationship With Clients.

    1. [§513] Preserving Funds and Property (Rule 4‑100).
   2. [§514] Fees for Legal Services (Rule 4‑200).
   3. [§515] Expenses Incurred (Rule 4‑210).
   4. [§516] Purchasing Property (Rule 4‑300).
   5. [§517] Gifts From Client (Rule 4‑400).

F, Advocacy and Representation.
  1. [§518] Threatening Charges (Rule 5‑100). 
 2. [§519] Government Attorney Instituting Charges (Rule 5‑110).
  3. [§520] Publicizing Litigation (Rule 5‑120).
  4. [§521] Trial Conduct (Rules 5‑200, 5‑220).
  5. [§522] Attorney as Witness (Rule 5‑210).
  6. [§523] Contact With Officials (Rule 5‑300).
  7. [§524] Contact With Witnesses (Rule 5‑310).
  8. [§525] Contact With Jurors (Rule 5‑320).

X. CONVICTION OF CRIME

 A. Conviction of Crime Involving Moral Turpitude.
   1. In General.
      (a) [§526] Former Law and Revision.
      (b) [§527] Nature of Conviction.
  2. Procedure.
      (a) Temporary Suspension on Conviction. 
        (1) [§528] In General. 
        (2) [§529] Procedural Aspects.
     (b) Hearing After Conviction Final. 
        (1) [§530] Notice and Opportunity To Be Heard. 
        (2) [§531] Review of State Bar Court Decision.

  3. What Crimes Involve Moral Turpitude.
      (a) [§532] Meaning and Tests.
     (b) Illustrations. 
       (1) [§533] Crimes Against Person or Property. 
       (2) [§534] Crimes Involving Fraud. 
       (3) [§535] Perjury and Related Offenses. 
       (4) [§536] Miscellaneous Crimes.
     (c) [§537] Conduct of Defendant Determinative.
     (d) [§538] Unrelated Criminal Conduct.

B. [§539] Conviction of Felony.

XI. ACTS SUBJECT TO DISCIPLINE

A. Acts Involving Moral Turpitude.
   1. In General.
     (a) [§540] Statutory Provisions.
     (b) [§541] Meaning of Moral Turpitude.
    (c) [§542] Prior Criminal Acquittal No Bar to Discipline.
 2. Wrongs Against Client.
   (a) [§543] Misappropriating Funds or Property.
    (b) Fraud. 
      (1) [§544] Misrepresentations Concerning Case. 
      (2) [§545] Concealing Personal Interest. 
      (3) [§546] Borrowing Money From Client.
        (4) [§547] Miscellaneous Frauds.
  (c) Obtaining Unearned or Excessive Fees. 
      (1) [§548] Unearned Fees. 
       (2) [§549] Fees in Excess of Statutory Limits. 
      (3) [§550] Exorbitant Fees.
   (d) [§551] Improper Methods of Collecting Fees.
   (e) Negligent Performance of Duties.
        (1) [§552] Earlier Cases. 
         (2) [§553] Later Cases.
    (f) [§554] Sexual Relations With Client.

  3. Wrongs Against the Court.
      (a) Fraudulent Acts. (1) [§555] In General. 
       (2) [§556] False Pleadings or Documents. 
       (3) [§557] Misleading Court.
     (b) [§558] Disobedience of Order.
      (c) [§559] Noncompliance With Support Judgment or Order.
     (d) Offensive or Disrespectful Acts. 
        (1) [§560] Conduct Subject to Discipline. 
        (2) [§561] Distinction: Privileged Criticism. 
        (3) [§562] Distinction: Courtroom Attire. 
        (4) [§563] Walking Out of Courtroom.
    (e) [§564] Gifts or Loans to Judge or Staff.
  4. [§565] Wrongs Against Opposing Counsel.
   5. Wrongs Against Others.
       (a) [§566] In General.
      (b) [§567] Improper Debt Collection Methods.
      (c) [§568] Conduct Not in Capacity as Attorney.
   6. [§569] Illegal Acts.

B. Commingling Funds or Failure To Account.

  1. [§570] In General.
  2. [§571] Conduct Close to Misappropriation.
   3. [§572] Technical Violation.
   4. [§573] Misuse of Trust Account.

C. Representing or Acquiring Adverse Interests.

  1. [§574] Representing Adverse Interests.
   2. [§575] Acquiring Adverse Interests.

D. Advertising and Communications.

  1. [§576] Early View Prohibiting Advertising.
   2. [§577] Bates Case.
  3. [§578] Impermissible Restrictions.
  4. [§579] False and Misleading Communications.
   5. Personal Publicity.
      (a) [§580] In General.
      (b) [§581] Using Media for Self‑Laudatory Statements.
      (c) [§582] Publicizing Litigation.
  6. [§583] Permissible Listings and Announcements.
   7. [§584] Permissible Publications.

E. Solicitation and Ambulance Chasing.

  1. Personal Solicitation.
     (a) [§585] In General.
     (b) [§586] Constitutionality of Restrictions.
     (c) [§587] Distinction: Free Services in Civil Liberties Case.
     (d) [§588] Distinction: Discovery of Evidence.

  2. Solicitation Through Others.
     (a) [§589] In General.
      (b) [§590] Prohibited Acts.
      (c) [§591] Distinction: Lawyer Reference Service

F. Aiding Practice by Nonlawyer.

  1. [§592] Statutory Prohibition and Rules.
  2. [§593] Illustrations.

G. Representation of Association or Group.

   1. Development of the Law.
       (a) [§594] Early Theory of Unethical Conduct.
       (b) [§595] Labor Union Counsel.
       (c) [§596] Civil Rights Counsel.
   2. Authorized Legal Service Programs. 
       (a) [§597] Former Law. (b) [§598] Rules of Professional Conduct

H. Miscellaneous Unethical Practices.

1. Conduct Toward Other Side. 
   (a) Communication With Adverse Party. 
      (1) [§599] Rules of Professional Conduct. 
      (2) [§600] Violation of Rule. 
       (3) [§601] Distinction: Communication With Former Employees 
            of Corporation. (b) [§602] Violation of Known Custom.
 2. [§603] Improper Support of Client's Cause.
  3. [§604] Communication With Judge.
  4. [§605] Conduct Toward Jury.

I.  [§606] Misconduct in Other Jurisdiction.

J. Mitigating or Aggravating Circumstances.

1. [§607] In General. 
 2. Previous Record or Character. 
      (a) [§608] Good Record or Character. 
       (b) [§609] Bad Record.
  3. [§610] Intent or Motive.
  4. [§611] Inexperience or Personal Difficulties. 
  5. [§612] Insanity or Emotional Instability.
   6. [§613] Restitution.
   7.  [§614] Other Subsequent Conduct.
  8. [§615] Extrinsic Circumstances.

Ill. DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS

A. Discipline by the Courts.

  1. Disbarment or Suspension by Supreme Court.
     (a) [§616] Inherent Power.
     (b) [§617] Nonstatutory Grounds.
     (c) [§618] No Superior Court Jurisdiction.
  2. [§619] Criminal Prosecution.
  3. [§620] Other Measures.
   4. [§621] Criticism in Judicial Opinion.

B. Nature of State Bar Proceedings.

  1. [§622] In General.
  2. [§623] Not Criminal Proceeding.
  3. [§624] Quasi‑Criminal Proceeding.
  4. State Bar Court.
       (a) [§625] In General.    
      (b) [§626] Departments and Officers.
 5. [§627] Agreement In Lieu of Disciplinary Proceedings.
  6. [§628] Pleadings, Papers, and Motions.
  7. [§629] Transcripts.
  8. [§630] . Prohibited Representation.
  9. [§631] Disqualification of Judges.

C. Information and Records.
 
 1. [§632] Hearings and Records.
 2. [§633] Communications Privileged.
 3. [§634] Statistics and Reporting.
 4. [§635] Discipline Audit Panel.

D. Complaints and Investigation.

 1. Complaint to State Bar. 
   (a) [§636] In General. 
   (b) [§637] Verification. 
   (c) [§638] Duty To Investigate and Respond. . 
   (d) [§639] Action Within Six Months. 
   (e) [§640] Discipline Mediation Program.

  2. [§641] Court Report, to State Bar.
  3. Investigations. 
    (a) [§642] Nature and Scope. 
    (b) [§643] Examination of Books and Records. 
    (c) [§644] Determination.

E. Hearing Department.

  1. [§645] Venue.
  2. [§646] Notice of Charges.
  3. [§647] Response to Notice.
  4. [§648] Amended and Supplemental Pleadings.
  5. [§649] Obtaining Counsel.
  6. Discovery.
     (a) [§650] In General.
     (b) [§651] Physical and Mental Examinations.
     (c) [§652] Attorney's Trust Fund Records.
     (d) [§653]  Conference and Report.
  7. [§654] Consolidation and Transfer.
  8. [§655] Conferences and Pretrial Statements.
  9. [§656] Stays.
10. Trial. 
    (a) [§657] Notice and Failure To Appear. 
    (b) Evidence.
          (1) [§658] In General. 35
         (2) [§659] Evidence From Other Disciplinary Proceedings.
         (3) [§660] Amendments to Pleadings.
         (c) [§661] Interlocutory Review.

  11. Termination.

     (a) [§662] Termination by Dismissal.
     (b) [§663] Termination by Admonition.
     (c) Termination by Stipulation.
          (1) [§664] Procedure.
          (2) [§665] Binding Effect.
       (d) [§666] Termination by Death.

 12. [§667] Decision.
  13. [§668] Discipline.
   14. [§669] Costs and Sanctions.

 F. Review Department.
   1. [§670] In General.
    2. [§671] Summary Review.
   3. Review Department Decisions.
        (a) [§672] In General.
       (b) Recommendation Followed.
           (1) [§673] Charges Dismissed.
           (2) [§674] Disbarment.
          (3) [§675] Other Discipline.
     (c) [§676] Different Findings on Guilt.
   (d) Different Punishment Imposed.
       (1) [§677] Reduction in Punishment.
       (2) [§678] Increase in Punishment.
       (e) [§679] Probation.

G. Supreme Court Review.

  1. Nature of Review.
     (a) [§680] In General.
     (b) [§681] Findings and Recommendation of State Bar Court.

 2. Petitions for Review.
     (a) [§682] Petitions by Disciplined Attorney.
     (b) [§683] Petition by Chief Trial Counsel.
     (c) [§684]  Petition by Committee of Bar Examiners.

3. [§685] Order.

4. Types of Decisions. 
  (a) Recommendations Followed.
    (1) [§686] In General.
    (2) [§687] Disbarment Where No Mitigating Circumstances.
    (3) [§688] Mild Discipline for Moral Turpitude.
  (b) [§689] Different Findings on Guilt. 
  (c) Different Punishment.
      (1) [§690] Reduction in Punishment.
      (2) [§691] Opinion Reprimand.
      (3) [§692] Increase in Punishment. (d) Probation.
      (1) [§693] In General.
      (2) [§694] Condition: Professional Responsibility Examination.

H. [§695] Notice of Discipline.

XIII. MISCELLANEOUS PROCEEDINGS

 A. [§696] Conviction Proceeding.
 B. Probation.
    1. [§697] Modification or Early Termination.
    2. [§698] Revocation.
 C. [§699] Perpetuation of Testimony on Resignation.

 D. Involuntary Inactive Enrollment.

  1. [§700] In General.
  2. [§701] Insanity or Mental Incompetency. 
  3. [§702] Court Order Assuming Jurisdiction Over Law Practice.
  4. [§703] Failure To Perform Duties Competently.
  5. Threat of Harm.
     (a) [§704] In General.
     (b) [§705] Expedited Disciplinary Proceeding.
  6. [§706] Failure To Maintain Address of Record.
  7. [§707] Failure To File Response in Disciplinary Proceeding.
  8. Transfer to Active Status.
      (a) [§708] Claim of Insanity or Mental Incompetence.
      (b) [§709] Conduct Posing Substantial Threat of Harm.

 E. Reinstatement Proceeding.

  1. [§710] Nature and Purpose.
  2. [§711] Procedure. 
  3. Showing Required.
      (a) [§712] In General.
      (b) [§713] Rehabilitation.
      (c) [§714] Fitness to Practice.

F. [§715] Expedited Proceeding Based on Professional Misconduct in Another Jurisdiction.